Reconhecido mundialmente por sua expertise em gestão de riscos e prevenção de desastres, o Japão apresentou, nesta quinta-feira (16), suas principais políticas e práticas de redução de riscos, que fazem do país uma referência internacional no tema. O encontro entre representantes do governo brasileiro e da Agência de Cooperação Internacional do Japão (JICA) foi realizado na Casa Civil da Presidência da República, em Brasília, e promoveu uma ampla troca de experiências sobre estratégias de mitigação e resposta a desastres naturais.
Durante a apresentação, especialistas japoneses destacaram o conceito “Build Back Better” (Reconstruir Melhor), que orienta que as ações de reconstrução pós-desastre incorporem melhorias em infraestrutura, governança e planejamento urbano, com o objetivo de fortalecer a resiliência das comunidades e reduzir os impactos de futuros eventos extremos. A abordagem também contempla a revitalização social e econômica das regiões afetadas.
A secretária-adjunta da Secretaria de Articulação e Monitoramento da Casa Civil, Michelini Luz, ressaltou a importância do encontro para o fortalecimento da política brasileira de prevenção. “O encontro foi uma grande oportunidade para aprendermos com a experiência do Japão. Embora o Brasil não seja historicamente um país com alta incidência de desastres naturais, estamos enfrentando cada vez mais eventos extremos, especialmente relacionados às mudanças climáticas. Tivemos recentemente as enchentes no Rio Grande do Sul, além do aumento constante de secas e incêndios em várias regiões”, destacou.
“A experiência japonesa, construída ao longo de séculos de enfrentamento a desastres, mostra como a preparação e a resiliência podem fazer a diferença. Temos muito a crescer e a aprender com essa expertise para fortalecer nossas ações de prevenção e reduzir os impactos desses eventos no Brasil. Mesmo que os tipos de desastres sejam diferentes, as estratégias de prevenção podem ser muito semelhantes”, complementou.
Marco de Sendai e a política de reconstrução pós-desastres
O secretário Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil do Ministério da Integração e do Desenvolvimento Regional (MIDR), Wolnei Wolff, destacou ainda a importância da iniciativa japonesa e sua relação com as políticas brasileiras de gestão de riscos. “Desde 2015, o conceito de Build Back Better está presente nos documentos do Marco de Sendai. A ideia de reconstruir melhor é uma necessidade global no pós-desastre. Após um evento, é essencial identificar as causas — como o colapso de uma ponte, por exemplo — e elaborar projetos de engenharia aprimorados, capazes de resistir a novas ocorrências semelhantes”, explicou.
Adotado em 2015, durante conferência realizada no Japão, o Marco de Sendai é um acordo internacional que orienta os países na redução de riscos e prejuízos causados por desastres. Wolff também destacou a trajetória do Japão na consolidação de uma política de Estado voltada à proteção da população. “O Japão já enfrentou inúmeros desastres e perdas humanas, o que levou à construção de uma política robusta, capaz de reduzir impactos e, principalmente, salvar vidas”, afirmou.
O secretário reforçou também que a redução das desigualdades sociais é essencial para o fortalecimento da resiliência e a diminuição das vulnerabilidades. O tema é uma das prioridades do Grupo de Trabalho de Redução do Risco de Desastres (GTRRD) do G20, coordenado pelo Brasil entre dezembro de 2023 e novembro de 2024. “O Japão passou por um período de extrema pobreza no pós-guerra, com grande parte da população vivendo em áreas de risco, em condições muito parecidas com as que ainda vemos no Brasil. A transformação aconteceu graças à vontade política e à continuidade de políticas públicas voltadas à moradia digna e à redução das desigualdades. Isso mostra que é possível mudar realidades quando há compromisso de Estado. O Brasil pode seguir esse caminho. Os investimentos do Governo Federal em habitação e políticas sociais são fundamentais para combater vulnerabilidades e fortalecer a resiliência das comunidades diante dos desastres”, afirmou Wolnei.
Experiência japonesa e intercâmbio de conhecimento
O conselheiro sênior da JICA para Desastres, Satoru Nishikawa, apresentou o histórico de eventos extremos registrados no Japão e as medidas adotadas para aprimorar a gestão de riscos. “As condições naturais do Japão são severas — temos terremotos, erupções vulcânicas, furacões, enchentes e avalanches. Essas experiências nos ensinaram a agir antes e depois dos desastres. Reconstruir melhor significa considerar o perfil e as necessidades de cada pessoa afetada, respeitando seus diferentes tempos de recuperação”, destacou Nishikawa.
Fonte: Brasil 61
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