Tributarista prevê grande número de ações na Justiça caso o aumento do IOF volte a vigorar

O advogado tributarista Luis Claudio Yukio Vatari acredita que uma grande quantidade de ações será ajuizada no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) caso o decreto do governo que aumentou alíquotas do Imposto sobre Operações Financeiras (IOF) volte a vigir. O decreto foi derrubado pelo Congresso Nacional. No momento, a corte já analisa Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade do PSol, que alega que o decreto é uma medida constitucional do chefe do Poder Executivo, que não podia ter sido derrubado como foi. 

Yukio lembra que o motivo alegado pelo ministro da Fazenda, Fernando Haddad, para aumento do IOF, de que a alteração em alíquotos do imposto foi para incrementar a arrecadação, pode sim ser questionado na Justiça, uma vez que, segundo ele, o governo pode majorar as alíquotas do tributo para regular o mercado, mas não para arrecadar mais. 

“A postura dos operadores de direito, e eu me incluo entre eles, não está mudando nem um pouco. Já vejo maneiras de discutir essa questão. Os clientes, que também são operadores de direito, estão querendo judicializar essa questão de IOF, se não for cassado”, previu o jurista. 

O IOF incide sobre produtos do mercado financeiro, como crédito, operações de câmbio, seguros e aplicações financeiras, entre as quais o VGBL, que é previdência privada. No caso do crédito, por meio de empréstimos, cheque especial e financiamentos, a alíquota fixa é de 0,38% sobre o valor total da operação.

Nas operações de câmbio, como compra de moeda estrangeira em espécie e envio de dinheiro para o exterior, a alíquota é de 1,1%. No uso do cartão de crédito internacional ou pré-pago, incide 6,38%. 

Nos seguros de automóveis, residenciais e de crédito, o valor pago no saque do prêmio é de 7,38%. Sobre os investimentos como CDB, Tesouro e fundos incide o IOF somente se o resgate for feito até 30 dias após a aplicação. Depois desse período, a aplicação está isenta do tributo, pagando apenas Imposto de Renda. A mesma regra vale para os planos de previdência.

Gasto Brasil: despesas públicas ultrapassam R$ 2,5 tri em 2025, aponta plataforma

Aumento de IOF atinge a todos

O IOF é usado pelo governo brasileiro de duas maneiras principais: como instrumento de arrecadação e como ferramenta de política econômica e monetária. O tributo tem uma peculiaridade em relação aos demais pelo fato de não depender de lei aprovada pelo Congresso Nacional para sua alteração. As alíquotas podem ser mudadas por decreto presidencial. 

Outra característica é que o imposto incide sobre um grande volume de operações diárias, como crédito, câmbio, seguros e investimentos. O recolhimento para os cofres do governo é imediato e as alíquotas são reajustadas quando necessário.

O tributarista também alerta para o fato de que qualquer aumento de tributo, seja o IOF ou outro, afeta toda a população brasileira, e não apenas um segmento. Como exemplo, ele cita a antecipação de recebíveis, muito usado por empresas, que hoje não é tributada, mas passaria a pagar uma alíquota de 3%, de acordo com o decreto do Executivo que foi derrubado pelo Congresso.  Segundo o advogado, um produtor de arroz que será obrigado a pagar por essa operação, certamente passará esse custo para o seu produto e o consumidor pagaria a conta.“Se houver aumento do IOF, este incidirá sobre todos produtos e serviços”, frisou.
 

Pixel Brasil 61

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