Pretende ser um doador de órgãos? No Brasil, há dois tipos reconhecidos: vivos e falecidos. Cada processo segue critérios médicos e legais específicos para garantir segurança ao doador e ao receptor.
O doador vivo deve ser maior de idade, juridicamente capaz, saudável e que concorde com a doação, desde que isso não comprometa a própria saúde. Esse doador pode conceder um dos rins, parte do fígado, ou dos pulmões. Em todos os casos, é necessário haver compatibilidade sanguínea.
A avaliação médica é rigorosa e considera o histórico clínico e doenças prévias. Pela legislação brasileira, parentes até o quarto grau e cônjuges podem doar. Por outro lado, pessoas sem vínculo familiar só podem realizar a doação com autorização judicial.
O cirurgião geral Luiz Gustavo Guedes, especializado em transplantes de fígado, explica quais órgãos podem ser doados em vida e reforça os cuidados tomados para preservar a saúde do doador.
“Existem alguns transplantes que podem ser realizados com o doador vivo, então, de uma pessoa viva para uma outra pessoa. São basicamente um transplante de rim, uma parte do fígado e uma parte do pulmão também pode ser doado. São procedimentos que são mais complexos, mas que, quando bem avaliados, além de conseguir recuperar o paciente que está precisando do transplante, mantém a segurança e a vida do paciente que está doando também”, informa.
Doador falecido
Já o doador falecido é aquele com diagnóstico de morte encefálica ou morte por parada cardiorrespiratória. No caso de morte encefálica é possível doar órgãos como coração, rins, pulmões, fígado, pâncreas e intestino, além de tecidos como córneas, ossos, válvulas, pele e tendões. Quando o óbito é por parada cardiorespiratória só os tecidos podem ser doados. Porém, a doação só é realizada após a autorização familiar, mesmo que a pessoa tenha manifestado esse desejo em vida.
O Dr. Luiz Gustavo Guedes também esclarece como é feito o diagnóstico de morte encefálica e destaca a segurança do protocolo adotado no Brasil.
“O que as pessoas precisam saber sobre o processo de doação é que esse diagnóstico é feito para pessoas que estão com um quadro neurológico irreversível e ele é feito por três médicos que avaliam esse paciente em momentos diferentes. Então é um procedimento bastante seguro, um protocolo que é muito preciso na confirmação desse diagnóstico e não há possibilidade de falha nesse processo”, ressalta.
“Você diz sim, o Brasil inteiro agradece”. Converse com sua família e seja um doador. Para mais informações, acesse o site gov.br/saude.
Fonte: Brasil 61
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