A empresária Karen Guerreiro conhece bem os desafios de equilibrar produtividade e jornada de trabalho. À frente da Só Mesas, Só Cadeiras, empresa de pequeno porte instalada em Santa Bárbara d’Oeste (SP), que há 33 anos fabrica móveis para bares e restaurantes, ela gerencia cerca de 70 colaboradores. Recentemente implementou a jornada 5×2, com 44 horas semanais em regime de compensação.
Para Karen, a proposta de redução da jornada para 4×3, com 36 horas semanais — prevista na PEC 8/25, atualmente em discussão no Congresso Nacional —, sem compensação adequada, poderia gerar impactos significativos: “A princípio, para nossa empresa, essa redução traria efeitos negativos, tanto financeiros quanto produtivos. Comprometeria a eficiência e dificultaria o cumprimento de prazos e metas.”
A empresária reforça que qualquer alteração precisa considerar a realidade das empresas de pequeno porte. “Reduzir a carga horária semanal sem reorganização dos turnos comprometeria o fluxo da nossa produção, aumentaria custos e geraria atrasos, afetando a competitividade e inviabilizando a abertura de um segundo turno. Nosso compromisso é manter qualidade, cumprir prazos e preservar empregos. Para isso, mudanças devem ser viáveis economicamente e produtivamente.”
Impactos econômicos da redução da jornada
O debate sobre o fim da escala 6×1 não é apenas uma questão de direitos trabalhistas, mas também de impacto econômico. Um estudo da Federação das Indústrias do Estado de Minas Gerais (FIEMG) revela que a redução da jornada de trabalho sem aumento correspondente da produtividade poderia comprometer até 16% do PIB brasileiro, com queda de até R$ 2,9 trilhões no faturamento de setores produtivos.
O levantamento aponta ainda que o país poderia perder até 18 milhões de empregos e registrar uma redução de até R$ 480 bilhões na massa salarial. Mesmo em um cenário mais otimista, com aumento de 1% na produtividade, as perdas ainda chegariam a 16 milhões de empregos e R$ 428 bilhões de impacto negativo na renda dos trabalhadores.
Flávio Roscoe, presidente da FIEMG, destaca que o aumento de custos tende a ser repassado aos consumidores, pressionando a inflação e afetando especialmente os pequenos negócios: “Imagine um restaurante que funciona com dois garçons. Se a jornada for reduzida, será necessário contratar mais um garçom para manter o funcionamento. Esse custo adicional inevitavelmente será repassado ao preço final.”
O estudo também alerta para o risco de aumento da informalidade, que já atinge 38,3% dos trabalhadores, e da perda de competitividade frente a países com jornadas mais extensas e custos menores, como México, China, Índia e Vietnã.
Posição do setor produtivo
A Confederação das Associações Comerciais e Empresariais do Brasil (CACB) reforça que mudanças estruturais dessa magnitude exigem amplo diálogo com o setor produtivo. Para a entidade, eventuais alterações na jornada de trabalho devem ser acompanhadas de medidas de compensação e políticas que promovam a competitividade, equilibrando a valorização do trabalhador com a sustentabilidade financeira das empresas.
Próximos passos no Congresso
O deputado Luiz Gastão (PSD-CE), relator da Subcomissão Especial que debate a PEC 8/25, detalha a agenda de discussões: “A primeira audiência pública será em São Paulo, no dia 30 de setembro, às 9h. Serão convidados representantes de empresários, trabalhadores e da sociedade civil. O objetivo é ouvir diversos pontos de vista para elaborar um relatório que reorganize a discussão sobre o fim da escala 6×1 e alternativas para a jornada de trabalho.”
O parlamentar garante que o processo será conduzido de forma ponderada: “Não há motivo para preocupação. Todas as ações serão pensadas buscando uma alternativa justa para todos os lados.”
A proposta de redução da jornada ainda tem um longo caminho no Congresso, e o equilíbrio entre produtividade, competitividade e direitos trabalhistas continua sendo o centro do debate. Para empresas como a Só Mesas, Só Cadeiras, o desafio é preparar-se para mudanças que preservem empregos e a qualidade de seus produtos, enquanto o país analisa o impacto dessa transformação no mercado de trabalho.
Fonte: Brasil 61
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